Final draft

Everyone watches TV every day-not only adults but also kids. Letting kids watch TV makes them focus on it, which makes their parents less suffer from their kids and do their work. However we usually forget that TV can influence kids seriously. Maybe TV has a good influence to kids. They can enjoy interesting programs, and it becomes a good subject of conversation among their peers. Plus, it can give educational affects to them since it has many educational programs such as learning HANGUEL, alphabet, but the overall disadvantages outweigh the benefits. Think about it-your kid, whose brain and body are actively developing and growing watches TV about 3hours. You may think that it is OK, but actually, from birth to age five, this period time is so crucial to the development of a child’s body and brain, any negative influences have lifelong effects.

  The educational institution, “KIDHEALTH” said that most kids plug into the world of television long before they enter school. It mentioned that Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) found that two-thirds of infants and toddlers watch a screen an average of 2 hours a day, kids under age 6 watch an average of about 2 hours of screen media a day, primarily TV and videos or DVDs, and kids and teens 8 to 18 years spend nearly 4 hours a day in front of a TV screen and almost 2 additional hours on the computer (outside of schoolwork). However, according to The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that kids under 2 years old not watch any TV and that those older than 2 watch no more than 1 to 2 hours a day of quality programming, because the first 2 years of life are considered a critical time for brain development. TV and other electronic media can get in the way of exploring, playing, and interacting with parents and others, which encourages learning and healthy physical and social development. This means that when your kids are exposed to TV too early or too excessively (not the standards of adults), it causes many problems to your kids in a physical and psychological ways.

First is obesity.  Health experts have long linked excessive TV-watching to obesity — a significant health problem today. While watching TV, kids are inactive and tend to snack. They're also bombarded with ads that encourage them to eat unhealthy foods like potato chips and empty-calorie soft drinks that often become preferred snack foods. According to the AAP, kids in the United States see 40,000 commercials each year. From the junk food and toy advertisements during Saturday morning cartoons to the appealing promos on the backs of cereal boxes, marketing messages inundate kids of all ages. And to them, everything looks ideal — like something they simply have to have. It all sounds so appealing — often, so much better than it is. Studies have shown that decreasing the amount of TV kids watched led to less weight gain and lower body mass index (BMI — a measurement derived from someone's weight and height).

Second is malfunction of the organ. According to “MALE ONLINE”, Children as young as six are risking heart problems in later life because they are allowed to spend too much time watching TV or playing on computers, scientists warn. A study of 1,492 primary school pupils found that those who spent hours glued to the screen suffered narrowing of blood vessels in their eyes. They were an early warning sign of increased likelihood of heart disease and high blood pressure. Also, the study which is carried out by Dr Bamini Gopinath and a team of researchers at the University of Sydney says that on average, children spent 1.9 hours per day watching TV or playing on their computer had an average ‘retinal arteriolar’ narrowing of  2.3 microns. These show that the watching TV brings functioning problem on organ.

Third is violence. The average American child will witness 200,000 violent acts on television by age 18. Kids may become desensitized to violence and more aggressive. TV violence sometimes begs for imitation because violence is often promoted as a fun and effective way to get what you want. Many violent acts are perpetrated by the "good guys," whom kids have been taught to admire. Even though kids are taught by their parents that it's not right to hit, television says it's OK to bite, hit, or kick if you're a good guy. This paradox can lead to confusion when kids try to understand the difference between right and wrong. And the "bad guys" on TV aren't always held responsible or punished for their actions. Young kids are particularly frightened by scary and violent images. Simply telling kids that those images aren't real won't console them, because they can't yet distinguish between fantasy and reality. Behavior problems, nightmares, and difficulty sleeping may follow exposure to media violence. Older kids also can be frightened by violent images, whether they appear on fictional shows, the news or reality-based shows. Reasoning with kids this age will help them, so it's important to provide reassuring and honest information to help ease fears. However, consider not letting your kids view programs that they may find frightening.

Next is Risky Behavior. TV is full of programs and commercials that depict risky behaviors (such as drinking alcohol, doing drugs, smoking cigarettes, and having premarital sex) as cool, fun, and exciting. And often, there's no discussion about the consequences of those actions. For example, studies have shown that teens who watch lots of sexual content on TV are more likely to initiate intercourse or participate in other sexual activities earlier than peers who don't watch sexually explicit shows. Alcohol ads on TV have actual increased over the last few years, and more underage kids are being exposed to them than ever. A recent study by the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth (CAMY) found that youth exposure to alcohol ads on TV increased by 30% from 2001 to 2006. And although they've banned cigarette ads on television, kids and teens can still see plenty of people smoking on programs and movies airing on TV. This kind of "product placement" makes behaviors like smoking and drinking alcohol seem acceptable. In fact, kids who watch 5 or more hours of TV per day are far more likely to begin smoking cigarettes than those who watch less than the recommended 2 hours a day.

Finally, is low learning ability. Too much TV during the early years has been linked to poor performance in school, especially in the areas of language and reading. If TV is substituted for reading and talking with others at a young age, children may have delayed language development. And they are less able to use imagination. Too much TV can lead to an overload on the visual part of the brain while depriving other parts of the brain. Areas of the brain responsible for creative thought and imagination are under used because watching television doesn’t require these skills. Also, they are not able to tell apart television from the real world. And too many fast paced images from watching TV keeps the brain from learning how to pay attention and also the instant stimulus of TV can cause a child to become impatient in complex situations. The areas of the brain responsible for these skills are underused and not fully developed if a young child watches too much television and plays too many video games which bring poor skills in planning and judging.

Obviously my arguments can seem to be a subjective, and there will be plenty of people who think that there are much more advantages that TV gives. They will give examples of education, enjoyable contents, and they will say that TV is sometimes good for our health. For example, there are many exercising promoting programs such as yoga programs.. However, although there are huge amounts of exercising program in Korean broadcasting, Korean boys’ (15-18) obesity rates took the first place in the world. And they watch TV 3hours a day according to “polis”. Then, is exercising programs help with their obesity? What I want to say is that there is little relationship with the exercising program and real health. Also, of course, TV provides educational programs. However, there are more non-educational contents like lewd and violent contents. Also, enjoyable contents are that what makes children a couch potato.

It is not hard to find sources that want your kids of the disadvantages that are given by TV, both in the areas of physics and in the areas of psychology. In part, I agree; that TV also has lots of advantages such as education, and enjoyable contents, though, are just parts of the TV’s influences. There are more disadvantages that TV gives to kids. So I strongly recommend you guys to stop showing TV to your kids (but also to you) and enjoy a healthy body, healthy soul, and healthy life.

Reference

Steven Dowshen, MD (2011.October). How TV affects your Child. Retrieved from http://kidshealth.org/parent/positive/family/tv_affects_child.html#/

washington.edu, TV & Children:Television, Health and Development. Retrieved from http://depts.washington.edu/tvhealth/materials/third-party-resources/TV-Children-Television-Health-Development.pdf

Seciond Draft

According to the institution called, “KIDSHEALTH” majority of the child watch TV more than 2 hours a day. Then, what effects has TV had on the child? Everyone watches TV every day. Not only adults do but also kids. Letting kids watch TV makes them focused on it, which makes their parents less suffer from their kids and do their work. Of course, it has a good influence on them. Kids can enjoy an interesting program, and it becomes a good subject of conversation among their peers. Also, there are many educational programs such as learning HANGUEL, alphabet so that TV can be a good friend to the child. However, TV has much more disadvantages than advantages in both physical and psychological areas. Children from birth to age five are actively growing, learning and developing habits that will shape their physical and emotional health. Because this period of time is so crucial to the development of a child’s body and brain, any negative influences can have lifelong health effects. Excessive television viewing among young children has been linked to negative impacts on early brain development, and lifelong physical health.

First is obesity.  Health experts have long linked excessive TV-watching to obesity — a significant health problem today. While watching TV, kids are inactive and tend to snack. They're also bombarded with ads that encourage them to eat unhealthy foods like potato chips and empty-calorie soft drinks that often become preferred snack foods. According to the AAP, kids in the United States see 40,000 commercials each year. From the junk food and toy advertisements during Saturday morning cartoons to the appealing promos on the backs of cereal boxes, marketing messages inundate kids of all ages. And to them, everything looks ideal — like something they simply have to have. It all sounds so appealing — often, so much better than it is. Studies have shown that decreasing the amount of TV kids watched led to less weight gain and lower body mass index (BMI — a measurement derived from someone's weight and height).

Second is malfunction of the organ. According to “MALE ONLINE”, Children as young as six are risking heart problems in later life because they are allowed to spend too much time watching TV or playing on computers, scientists warn. A study of 1,492 primary school pupils found that those who spent hours glued to the screen suffered narrowing of blood vessels in their eyes. They were an early warning sign of increased likelihood of heart disease and high blood pressure. Also, the study which is carried out by Dr Bamini Gopinath and a team of researchers at the University of Sydney says that on average, children spent 1.9 hours per day watching TV or playing on their computer had an average ‘retinal arteriolar’ narrowing of  2.3 microns. These show that the watching TV brings functioning problem on organ.

Third is violence. The average American child will witness 200,000 violent acts on television by age 18. Kids may become desensitized to violence and more aggressive. TV violence sometimes begs for imitation because violence is often promoted as a fun and effective way to get what you want. Many violent acts are perpetrated by the "good guys," whom kids have been taught to admire. Even though kids are taught by their parents that it's not right to hit, television says it's OK to bite, hit, or kick if you're a good guy. This paradox can lead to confusion when kids try to understand the difference between right and wrong. And the "bad guys" on TV aren't always held responsible or punished for their actions. Young kids are particularly frightened by scary and violent images. Simply telling kids that those images aren't real won't console them, because they can't yet distinguish between fantasy and reality. Behavior problems, nightmares, and difficulty sleeping may follow exposure to media violence. Older kids also can be frightened by violent images, whether they appear on fictional shows, the news or reality-based shows. Reasoning with kids this age will help them, so it's important to provide reassuring and honest information to help ease fears. However, consider not letting your kids view programs that they may find frightening.

Next is Risky Behavior. TV is full of programs and commercials that depict risky behaviors (such as drinking alcohol, doing drugs, smoking cigarettes, and having premarital sex) as cool, fun, and exciting. And often, there's no discussion about the consequences of those actions. For example, studies have shown that teens who watch lots of sexual content on TV are more likely to initiate intercourse or participate in other sexual activities earlier than peers who don't watch sexually explicit shows. Alcohol ads on TV have actual increased over the last few years, and more underage kids are being exposed to them than ever. A recent study by the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth (CAMY) found that youth exposure to alcohol ads on TV increased by 30% from 2001 to 2006. And although they've banned cigarette ads on television, kids and teens can still see plenty of people smoking on programs and movies airing on TV. This kind of "product placement" makes behaviors like smoking and drinking alcohol seem acceptable. In fact, kids who watch 5 or more hours of TV per day are far more likely to begin smoking cigarettes than those who watch less than the recommended 2 hours a day.

Finally, is low learning ability. Too much TV during the early years has been linked to poor performance in school, especially in the areas of language and reading. If TV is substituted for reading and talking with others at a young age, children may have delayed language development. And they are less able to use imagination. Too much TV can lead to an overload on the visual part of the brain while depriving other parts of the brain. Areas of the brain responsible for creative thought and imagination are under used because watching television doesn’t require these skills. Also, they are not able to tell apart television from the real world. And too many fast paced images from watching TV keeps the brain from learning how to pay attention and also the instant stimulus of TV can cause a child to become impatient in complex situations. The areas of the brain responsible for these skills are underused and not fully developed if a young child watches too much television and plays too many video games which bring poor skills in planning and judging.

Obviously my arguments can seem to be a subjective, and there will be plenty of people who think that there are much more advantages that TV gives. They will give examples of education, enjoyable contents, and they will say that TV is sometimes good for our health. For example, there are many exercising promoting programs such as yoga programs.. However, although there are huge amounts of exercising program in Korean broadcasting, Korean boys’ (15-18) obesity rates took the first place in the world. And they watch TV 3hours a day according to “polis”. Then, is exercising programs help with their obesity? What I want to say is that there is little relationship with the exercising program and real health. Also, of course, TV provides educational programs. However, there are more non-educational contents like lewd and violent contents. Also, enjoyable contents are that what makes children a couch potato.

It is not hard to find sources that want your kids of the disadvantages that are given by TV, both in the areas of physics and in the areas of psychology. In part, I agree; that TV also has lots of advantages such as education, and enjoyable contents, though, are just parts of the TV’s influences. There are more disadvantages that TV gives to kids. So I strongly recommend you guys to stop showing TV to your kids (but also to you) and enjoy a healthy body, healthy soul, and healthy life.

CITE

Contributors' names and the last edited date can be found in the orange boxes at the top of every page on the OWL.

Contributors' names (Last edited date). Title of resource. Retrieved from http://Web address for OWL resource

Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderlund, L., & Brizee, A. (2010, May 5). General format. Retrieved fromhttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

 

washington.edu, TV & Children:Television, Health and Development. Retrieved fromhttp://depts.washington.edu/tvhealth/materials/third-party-resources/TV-Children-Television-Health-Development.pdf

Research 4

Research Example: Children and TV Violence

Source:
100 Facts You Never Knew About the Human Brain
http://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/Facts_for_Families_Pages/Children_And_TV_Violence_13.aspx

My Topic:
TV influences kids in a negative way.

What I hope to learn from this source:
I want to find either facts that might help me argue my topic, and I also want to find reasons that  can assure my readers.
Notes:

1. become "immune" or numb to the horror of violence
2. gradually accept violence as a way to solve problems
3. imitate the violence they observe on television; and
4. identify with certain characters, victims and/or victimizers

Final Thoughts:

This source is very interesting since I have not seen the source that contains contexts like this; kids can become immune to the violence.

Self Evaluation

1) What score do you think you deserve? Here is the rubric:

arguments are based off of opinions and personal feelings.
3) What could you have done better?

I think I have to fix the spelling check and grammar.
4) Which part of the classical argument did you use the best?

I think I did good job on making argument, that TV influence on both psychologically and physically.
5) Which part of the classical argument did you use the most poorly?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6) What's your strategy to make your second draft better? My narration is strong. I do a good job explaining the foundations of the issue, and I prepare my audience to hear my argument.

I fix my mistakes in essay.

To cite my source

How to Cite the Purdue OWL in APA

Individual Resources
Contributors' names and the last edited date can be found in the orange boxes at the top of every page on the OWL.

Contributors' names (Last edited date). Title of resource. Retrieved from http://Web address for OWL resource

Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderlund, L., & Brizee, A. (2010, May 5). General format. Retrieved from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

 

washington.edu, TV & Children:Television, Health and Development. Retrieved from http://depts.washington.edu/tvhealth/materials/third-party-resources/TV-Children-Television-Health-Development.pdf

 

FInal-First draft

According to the institution called, “KIDSHEALTH”, majority of the child watch TV more than 2 hours a day. Then, what effects has TV had on child? Everyone watches TV every day. Not only adults do but also kids. Letting kids to watch TV makes them focused on it, which makes their parents less suffer from their kids and do their own works. Of course, it has a good influence on them. Kids can enjoy the interesting program, and it becomes a good subject of conversation among their peers. Also, there are many educational programs such as learning 한글, alphabet, so that TV can be a good friend to child. However, TV has much more disadvantages than advantages in both physical and psychological areas. Children from birth to age five are actively growing, learning and developing habits that will shape their physical and emotional health. Because this time period is so crucial to the development of a child’s body and brain, any negative influences can have lifelong health effects. Excessive television viewing among young children has been linked to negative impacts on early brain development, and lifelong physical health.

First is obesity.  Health experts have long linked excessive TV-watching to obesity — a significant health problem today. While watching TV, kids are inactive and tend to snack. They're also bombarded with ads that encourage them to eat unhealthy foods like potato chips and empty-calorie soft drinks that often become preferred snack foods. According to the AAP, kids in the United States see 40,000 commercials each year. From the junk food and toy advertisements during Saturday morning cartoons to the appealing promos on the backs of cereal boxes, marketing messages inundate kids of all ages. And to them, everything looks ideal — like something they simply have to have. It all sounds so appealing — often, so much better than it really is. Studies have shown that decreasing the amount of TV kids watched led to less weight gain and lower body mass index (BMI — a measurement derived from someone's weight and height).

Second is malfunction of organ. According to “MALE ONLINE”, Children as young as six are risking heart problems in later life because they are allowed to spend too much time watching TV or playing on computers, scientists warn. A study of 1,492 primary school pupils found that those who spent hours glued to the screen suffered narrowing of blood  vessels in their eyes – an early warning sign of increased  likelihood of heart disease and high blood pressure. Also, the study which is carried out by Dr Bamini Gopinath and a team of researchers at the University of Sydney says that on average, children spent 1.9 hours per day watching TV or playing on their computer had an average ‘retinal arteriolar’ narrowing of  2.3 microns. These shows that the watching TV brings functioning problem on organ.

Third is violence. The average American child will witness 200,000 violent acts on television by age 18. Kids may become desensitized to violence and more aggressive. TV violence sometimes begs for imitation because violence is often promoted as a fun and effective way to get what you want. Many violent acts are perpetrated by the "good guys," whom kids have been taught to admire. Even though kids are taught by their parents that it's not right to hit, television says it's OK to bite, hit, or kick if you're the good guy. This can lead to confusion when kids try to understand the difference between right and wrong. And the "bad guys" on TV aren't always held responsible or punished for their actions. Young kids are particularly frightened by scary and violent images. Simply telling kids that those images aren't real won't console them, because they can't yet distinguish between fantasy and reality. Behavior problems, nightmares, and difficulty sleeping may follow exposure to media violence. Older kids also can be frightened by violent images, whether they appear on fictional shows, the news, or reality-based shows. Reasoning with kids this age will help them, so it's important to provide reassuring and honest information to help ease fears. However, consider not letting your kids view programs that they may find frightening.

Next is Risky Behavior. TV is full of programs and commercials that depict risky behaviors (such as drinking alcohol, doing drugs, smoking cigarettes, and having premarital sex) as cool, fun, and exciting. And often, there's no discussion about the consequences of those actions. For example, studies have shown that teens who watch lots of sexual content on TV are more likely to initiate intercourse or participate in other sexual activities earlier than peers who don't watch sexually explicit shows. Alcohol ads on TV have actually increased over the last few years and more underage kids are being exposed to them than ever. A recent study by the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth (CAMY) found that youth exposure to alcohol ads on TV increased by 30% from 2001 to 2006. And although they've banned cigarette ads on television, kids and teens can still see plenty of people smoking on programs and movies airing on TV. This kind of "product placement" makes behaviors like smoking and drinking alcohol seem acceptable. In fact, kids who watch 5 or more hours of TV per day are far more likely to begin smoking cigarettes than those who watch less than the recommended 2 hours a day.

Finally is low learning ability. Too much TV during the early years has been linked to poor performance in school, especially in the areas of language and reading. If TV is substituted for reading and talking with others at a young age, children may have delayed language development. And they are being less able to use imagination. Too much TV can lead to an overload on the visual part of the brain, while depriving other parts of the brain. Areas of the brain responsible for creative thought and imagination are under used because watching television doesn’t require these skills. Also, they are not being able to tell apart television from the real world. and too many fast paced images from TV watching keeps the brain from learning how to pay attention and also the instant stimulus of TV can cause a children to become impatient in complex situations . The areas of the brain responsible for these skills are under used and not fully developed if a young child watches too much television and plays too many video games which bring poor skills in planning and judging.

Obviously my arguments can seem to be a subjective, and there will be plenty of people who think that there are much more advantages that TV gives. They will give examples of education, enjoyable contents, and they will say that TV is sometimes good for our health (against to my argument that watching TV brings obesity and malfunction of organ.) , for example, there are many exercising promoting programs such as yoga programs.. However, although there a huge amounts of exercising program in Korean broadcasting, Korean boys’(15-18) obesity rates took the first place in the world. And they watch TV 3hours a day according to “polinews”. Then, is exercising programs help with their obesity? What I want to say is that there is little relationship with the exercising program and real health. Also, of course TV provides educational programs. However, there are more non-educational contents like lewd and violent contents. Also enjoyable contents are that what makes children a couch potato.

It is not hard to find sources that want your kids of the disadvantages that are given by TV, both in the areas of physics – obesity and malfunction of organs – and in the areas of psychology – violence, risky behaviors, and low learning ability. In part, I agree; that TV also has lots of advantages such as education, and enjoyable contents, though, are just parts of the TV’s influences. There are more disadvantages that TV gives to kids. So I strongly recommend you guys to stop showing TV to your kids (but also to you) and enjoy a healthy body, healthy soul, and healthy life.

conclusion

Obviously my arguments can seem to be a subjective, and there will be plenty of people who think that there are much more advantages that TV gives. They will give examples of education, enjoyable contents, and they will say that TV is sometimes good for our health (against to my argument that watching TV brings obesity and malfunction of organ.) , for example, there are many exercising promoting programs such as yoga programs.. However, although there a huge amounts of exercising program in Korean broadcasting, Korean boys’(15-18) obesity rates took the first place in the world. And they watch TV 3hours a day according to “polinews”. Then, is exercising programs help with their obesity? What I want to say is that there is little relationship with the exercising program and real health. Also, of course TV provides educational programs. However, there are more non-educational contents like lewd and violent contents. Also enjoyable contents are that what makes children a couch potato.It is not hard to find sources that want your kids of the disadvantages that are given by TV, both in the areas of physics – obesity and malfunction of organs – and in the areas of psychology – violence, risky behaviors, and low learning ability. In part, I agree; that TV also has lots of advantages such as education, and enjoyable contents, though, are just parts of the TV’s influences. There are more disadvantages that TV gives to kids. So I strongly recommend you guys to stop showing TV to your kids (but also to you) and enjoy a healthy body, healthy soul, and healthy life.

Refutation and Concession

Now let's think about the counterarguments.

What arguments will TV lovers use?

- TV has more good advantages than disadvantages. It is educational, and enjoyable

What counterarguments will you use for them?

- The advantages are just the little part of the features that TV has.

How will you use this to strengthen your argument? 

- The opposition's arguments seem to be based on some pretty particle situations. Obviously my arguments can seem to be a subjective, and there will be plenty of people who think that there are much more advantages that TV gives. They will give examples of education, enjoyable contents, and they will say that TV is sometimes good for our health (against to my argument that watching TV brings obesity and malfunction of organ.) , for example, there are many exercising promoting programs such as yoga programs.. However, although there a huge amounts of exercising program in Korean broadcasting, Korean boys’(15-18) obesity rates took the first place in the world. And they watch TV 3hours a day according to “polinews”. Then, is exercising programs help with their obesity? What I want to say is that there is little relationship with the exercising program and real health. Also, of course TV provides educational programs. However, there are more non-educational contents like lewd and violent contents. Also enjoyable contents are that what makes children a couch potato.

The confirmation

Let's review.

What's the most important part of your essay?

Answer: The disadvantages that TV provides
What's a thesis?

Answer: TV is bad for kids

What's a good thesis?

Answer: A good thesis is clear, direct and a usable argument (For example, "Red is a pretty color" is not a great thesis because nobody especially cares, and it is an opinion most people would not disagree with).

Narration

Narration Example

Instructions:
1. Write your thesis.
2. Answer questions 1, 2 and 3.
3. Write your Narration.

My persuasive argument thesis is: . Although TV has many advantages, it has more disadvantages on kids.

1. What do people already know about my topic?

Everyone watches TV everyday. Everyone knows it is vital to modern life and it gives many advantages to us. We can watch TV anywhere, in the house, in the company, and even in the classroom. Not only adults, but also children are exposed to TV since their parents think that the TV brings many good advantages to their children.

2. What research has already been done about my topic?

 http://kidshealth.org/parent/positive/family/tv_affects_child.html -After I read this article, my thought the TV will affect negatively on children both physically and psychologically, became more apparent. However, I need more researches to prove my thoughts though.
http://depts.washington.edu/tvhealth/materials/third-party-resources/TV-Children-Television-Health-Development.pdf -This source gave me more information about the TV usage andenough stuffs that prove that TV influences child negatively in the area of psychology.

3. What are the implications of my argument (What if I'm right? What if I'm right and people ignore me?)

TV will give disadvantages to child in the area of physics and psychology.

My Narration

As kids get older, too much screen time can interfere with activities such as being physically active, reading, doing homework, playing with friends, and spending time with family.Children from birth to age five are actively growing, learning and developing habits that will shape their physical and emotional health. Because this time period is so crucial to the development of a child’s body and brain, any negative influences can have lifelong health effects (1). Excessive television viewing among young children has been linked to negative impacts on early brain development, and lifelong physical health.

Of course, TV in moderation can be a good thing: Preschoolers can get help learning the alphabet on public television, grade schoolers can learn about wildlife on nature shows, and parents can keep up with current events on the evening news. No doubt about it — TV can be an excellent educator and entertainer. But despite its advantages, too much television can be detrimental

Although many urge for more hours per week of educational programming, others assert that zero TV is the best solution. And some say it's better for parents to control the use of TV and to teach kids that it's for occasional entertainment, not for constant escapism. That's why it's so important for you to monitor the content of TV programming and set viewing limits to ensure that your kids don't spend too much time parked in front of the TV.

Research3

Research Example: TV & Children; Television, Health and Development - How much TV?

Source:

TV & Children: Television, Health and Development 

http://depts.washington.edu/tvhealth/materials/third-party-resources/TV-Children-Television-Health-Development.pdf

My Topic:
TV influences kids in a negative way.

What I hope to learn from this source:
I want to find the kind of topicality that clarifies my argument.

Notes:

1. How much television do children watch? The average American child watches 20 to 30 hours of television per week, not including time spent watching movies, playing video games, or using the computer.

• A national survey of television use found that preschoolers watch about 2.6 hours per day, and 31% of preschoolers have a television in their bedroom.

• A child who watches more than two hours of television per day by the age of two, is more likely to increase television viewing hours by the age of six.

2. How much TV is too much? 

Children who watch television for 10 hours or more per week are less skilled at reading and are less successful in school than children who watch less than 10 hours per week. The American Academy of Pediatrics makes the following recommendations regarding  television: (See additional materials for the full AAP Policy Statement on Children, Adolescents, and Television)

• Television viewing should not exceed one to two hours of quality programming daily. 

• Children younger than two years old should not watch television. 

 3. Why do children watch so much TV? 

The television viewing habits of parents and siblings influences a child’s TV viewing habits more than any other factor (16). Children may also watch more TV due to a: 

• Lack of other activities offered in the community (8) • Lack of safety outside the home (8) 

• Lack of interaction with their parents (8) 

• More programs geared towards children (21, 22) 

• A television in their bedroom (6, 27)

4. How can we reduce television viewing? 

Fortunately, classroom programs aimed at reducing television viewing have been successful (11, 19). Also, parents are motivated to protect the health of their children, and are motivated by a child’s enthusiasm. Early childhood educators can: 

• Get children interested in activities other than television. 

• Educate children and their families on why reducing television time may be healthier. 

• Provide ideas for replacing television with more active and interactive alternatives. 

• Provide information about healthy eating habits. 

• Provide support and resources to families as they make decisions about the use of television in their homes. 

 

 

Final Thoughts:

This source gave me more information about the TV usage. Now I can write an essay about my topic.

Research2

Research: TV & Children; Television, Health and Development 

Source:

TV & Children: Television, Health and Development 

http://depts.washington.edu/tvhealth/materials/third-party-resources/TV-Children-Television-Health-Development.pdf
My Topic:
TV influences kids in a negative way.

What I hope to learn from this source:
I want to find more psychological problems that TV gives children.

Notes:

Too much TV during the early years has been linked to: 

1. Poor performance in school, especially in the areas of language and reading. If TV is substituted for reading and talking with others at a young age, children may have delayed language development.

2. Being less able to use imagination. Too much TV can lead to an overload on the visual part of the brain, while depriving other parts of the brain. Areas of the brain responsible for creative thought and imagination are under used because watching television doesn’t require these skills.

3. Not being able to tell apart television from the real world.

4. Problems focusing. Too many fast paced images from TV watching keeps the brain from learning how to pay attention and also the instant stimulus of TV can cause a children to become impatient in complex situations.

5. Poor skills in planning and judging. The areas of the brain responsible for these skills are under used and not fully developed if a young child watches too much television and plays too many video games.

6. More likely to be violent when problems occur. Television and video game violence is thought to be responsible for 10% to 20% of all real-life violence.

 

 Final Thoughts:

Now I found the enough stuffs that prove that TV influences child negatively in the area of psychology! From now on I need to persuade opposite side.

Classical Argument Outline Example

1. The introduction, which warms up the audience, establishes goodwill and rapport with the readers, and announces the general theme or thesis of the argument.

I will start by describing the situation everyone is already familiar with: Today, we watch television everyday. Then I will shift attention to how these current intimacy has power to influence kids. I will end my thesis, "TV influences kids in a negative way." 

2. The narration, which summarizes relevant background material, provides any information the audience needs to know about the environment and circumstances that produce the argument, and set up the stakes-what’s at risk in this question. In academic writing, this often takes the form of a literature review.

I will summarize the research I've done and provide an explanation for how I will prove the influence of the TV on kids in the physical and psychological areas. I will give a brief information of the distinguishing features of the two areas.

3. The confirmation,which lays out in a logical order (usually strongest to weakest or most obvious to most subtle) the claims that support the thesis, providing evidence for each claim.

I will start by examining how TV influence children.I will examine the time that influences children' brain. I will describe a set of problems that television gives children and parents. 

4. The refutation and concession, which looks at opposing viewpoints to the writer’s claims, anticipating objections from the audience, and allowing as much of the opposing viewpoints as possible without weakening the thesis.

I will concede that TV also gives advantages to children, but in such a limited set of conditions that it doesn't matter. I will use researches that describe the disadvantages that TV gives children, from the physical (obesity, risk behaviors,  ) to psychological (violence,, poor performance in school, being less able to use imagination,focusing problem ) problems.

5. The summation, which provides a strong conclusion, amplifying the force of the argument,  and showing the readers that this solution is the best at meeting the circumstances.

I will close with a summary of my previous points, then a brief consideration of the unquantifiable abilities of the human brain, like emotions and creativity that demonstrate a nuanced level of intelligence that computers have not even started to approach. I will end with a reaffirmation of my original thesis. 

Articulation

Articulation:


1) My argument TV negatively  affects child.
I want to argue that the TV affects child negatively.  Today TV exerts great influence on Children. And I want to emphasize TV's affects to readers so that they have awareness of the danger.

2) How I found my argument Explain how your research helped you find your argument. Or, in other words, how did your research evolve into your argument? Start with your research question.
My first question was, Is TV really harmful to children? Of course, there are a lots of advantages that TV gives us, for example, news, education, and kids' broadcasting. However, disadvantages are more influential than advantages. According to the article, TV brings violence, risky behaviors, obesity, poor performance in school, being less able to use imagination,focusing problem etc. And I realized that TV brings both physical and psychological problems.

3) New research questions What do you still need to know? What is your research plan?
I have several questions that need to be resolved.
a) How can I prove the certainty of  the influence of TV?
b) What areas are the brain directly and indirectly affected to TV?
c) How about good content? Is it good to children?
I'll continue browsing the internet and looking for interesting articles and keeping track of my research with blog posts.

4) Connections to the Harvard Sampler How is your argument connected to the Harvard Sampler? ANY CONNECTION IS VALID. Please focus on choosing a good argument first, then think about how it is related to the Harvard Sampler. I will help you think of the connection if necessary.
This argument has many connections to the Harvard Sampler. First, it obviously is directly related to the human mind. Second, it connects to medical detectives because there are lots of medical questions about the physical and psychological relation to the brain. It also relates to the cycle of invention and control because the invention of the TV led us to the fast report and broadcasting of information, but its contents are under the control and exploitation. Last, the TV is the most powerful background of modern broadcasting, so when comparing the mind to computers I will need to look at the mind versus the TV.